The Secret Circle The Divide Chapter 26 Free Essays

Cassie woke up at five the following morning, straightaway, without her caution. It resembled her body was so receptive to the day’s mission that artificial advances of accommodation, similar to tickers, were esteemed superfluous. She felt one with the components today, no longer at their benevolence. We will compose a custom article test on The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 26 or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now She got up from bed and dressed formally, similar to a Spartan warrior getting ready for the fight to come. She enclosed herself by the white move Diana had given her and gladly snapped the silver sleeve wristband onto her upper arm, the cowhide tie around her thigh, and the shining diadem upon her head. She was all set spare her sister. Cassie advanced down the stairs to the kitchen. She needed to get her mother’s vehicle, yet she couldn’t precisely reveal to her mom she required it so she could fight the witch trackers and spare the sister she was rarely told about. So she’d need to take it without inquiring. That appeared to be the topic of this whole strategic: what you have to take care of business and clarify later. Also, she would. All would be uncovered later, to her mom, to Diana, Faye, Adam, everybody. Until further notice, Cassie couldn’t permit any blame to crawl up and divert her †she needed to concentrate exclusively on getting to Cape Cod. Be that as it may, as Cassie drove farther away from Crowhaven Road and afterward farther away from New Salem, an ailment inside her started to shape. Nerves, she figured, and she revealed to herself her started to frame. Nerves, she figured, and she disclosed to herself she reserved each option to feel anxious; this was a risky demonstration. The trackers had dark enchantment on their side. The Master Tools won't let me down in my snapshot of need, Cassie thought. What's more, that helped her to remember the chalcedony rose she included covered up inside her pocket. It was the good-karma piece Adam gave her some time in the past in a difficult situation †she’d carried it with her in the event of some unforeseen issue. Subsequent to everything they’d experienced and differ over these previous barely any weeks, Cassie despite everything had faith in Adam and had confidence in their bond. Did they need an uncommon precious stone to interface them now in their relationship? No, obviously not. Perhaps Cassie just brought the chalcedony piece out of odd notion, however all things being equal, it quieted her to stroke its rough surface. The stone felt alive in her grip the manner in which it did when Adam had first offered it to her. Clutch it tight, he’d advised her, and consider me. She did that now and felt her fearlessness develop. Be that as it may, traverse the region line into the town of Sandwich, Cassie’s dread elevated to another level. The rotting sign cautioning that she’d showed up read: INCORPORATED 1639, helping Cassie to remember the profound established history of the spot as the most seasoned town in Cape Cod. The Tools themselves appeared to respond to the setting completely all alone. Cassie could swear they were warming to her body, becoming more sizzling continuously as she followed the course she’d mapped out to Hawthorne Street. She ought to have an arrangement of assault, she understood, for when she experienced the trackers. She knew the witch-tracker revile by heart, and the Tools would most likely go to her guide, yet since the truth was setting in, questions started to shape in Cassie’s mind. She didn’t know what number of trackers there would be. Was there a cutoff to what number of she could bring down with the one revile? What's more, imagine a scenario in which Scarlett was fit as a fiddle when she showed up than in Cassie’s dream. There was a dread prowling in the rear of Cassie’s mind that Scarlett could have just been executed. Once more, Cassie felt for the chalcedony rose. However, even with the crystal’s comfort, when the house at 48 Hawthorne Street came into see, her entire being overflowed with dread. It was similarly as she’d envisioned it in her bad dreams, indistinguishable from the picture that went to her during the area spell. It was a separated sea shore bungalow with driftwood-dim siding, and it was close to the furthest limit of a long, forsaken, sandy path, with a huge waterway on one side and flowing swamps on the other. There was not a single other house to be seen. The horrible inclination in Cassie’s gut developed. The corrosive from her stomach crawled up her throat, filling her mouth with a nauseating taste. Every last trace of her body shouted for her to pivot and drive back home. Be that as it may, she knew she couldn’t permit her dread to bamboozle her now. Not when she’d come this far. Earnestly, she escaped the vehicle and stepped over the long grass toward the house, yet after just a couple of steps she solidified. She attempted to proceed ahead and couldn’t. There was an otherworldly boundary securing the house’s border, like the one Faye used to watch the concealed fastener. However, that would be simple enough for Cassie to infiltrate while wearing the Tools. She contacted every relic exclusively, altering them into place, and quietly approached their aggregate force. It wasn’t her creative mind, the Tools felt hot to her touch, she made certain of it. â€Å"Be now broke up, amazing shield!† Her voice left her throat sounding profound and gravelly as she sent every last bit of her vitality toward the house. She concentrated hard and said the words once more, this time pushing with her brain until she felt the intensity of the Tools surge out of her like an oppressive warmth. The spell appeared to work on the double. The foreboding shadow roosted over the house cleared, and the guarding power at the property’s edge vanished. The relics are truly working, Cassie contemplated internally. Scarlett was comparable to spared. Immediately, she proceeded ahead unhindered. Rehearsing the witch-tracker revile in her psyche, she strolled gradually and cautiously in a condition of profound reflection toward the house. At the point when she was inches from the front entryway, she could see it was windblown and water-harmed, decayed to a delicate quality no wood ought to be. What's more, the establishment of the house squeaked and shook in the breeze, similar to it could come slamming down at any second. It became obvious Cassie to attempt an assurance spell on herself before entering, or possibly another quietness spell to help her in sneaking into the house. However, at that point she reconsidered it. She would step inside similarly as she seemed to be, no apprehensive stunts, no skillful deception. The Tools were the main force she required. Cassie tuned in for voices however heard none. In the spooky quiet, the dread that Scarlett had just been executed hustled through her brain. A picture of her dead body dangling from the roof, swinging to and fro, similar to the arm of a clock †tick tock, tick tock †frequented Cassie. In any case, she couldn’t step through this entryway with a tiny smidgen of interruption. She’d have seconds to cast the revile, not as much as that truth be told. Cast the revile, salvage Scarlett, and afterward get the hell out of there. That was the arrangement. Cautiously, Cassie put her hand upon the spoiled delicate quality of the entryway. Incredibly, it wasn’t bolted. Truth be told, it didn’t even give off an impression of being completely shut. She pushed on its sodden surface delicately with the palm of her hand, and it cleared open easily. She was at that point reciting the witch-tracker revile faintly, prepared for whatever came at her, yet when she ventured inside, the scene was in no way like what she found in her fantasies. The principle room was enormous and clean. Its dividers were painted a maritime blue and were done with brilliant white crown shaping. The hardwood floors were newly waxed, and the air inside the room was warm and cedar-scented with the warmth of a wood-consuming fire. Scarlett was there, without anyone else, relaxing on a blurred couch before the chimney. Her colored red hair fell in solid waves onto her shoulders, surrounding her ruddy cheeked grinning face. â€Å"Finally,† she said. â€Å"I’ve been getting so exhausted up here sitting tight for you.† In a split second Cassie knew she’d committed a horrendous error. This was each of the a snare. The most effective method to refer to The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 26, Essay models

Pedigree Charts Essay Example For Students

Family Charts Essay The data made accessible is the reason for the planning of family outline utilizing the fitting images, A cautious assessment of the family diagram would propose whether the quality for the character is autosuggestion predominant or passive, X chromosome connected prevailing or passive, Y-chromosome inked or not. Clarification Outcome Linked Dominant characteristics: These are the attributes whose encoding quality is available on any Of the results, and the Wildlife allele is passive to its freak allele, I. E. , the freak allele is predominant. The family diagram can be of the misjudged design (Fig. 11-2), where the female being met is showing the quality, and is demonstrated by a bolt mark in the outline. The trademark highlights of legacy of such kind of qualities are: (a) Transmission of characteristics happens from guardians of either sex, (b) Males and females are similarly influenced. C) The family is vertical, I. E. , the characteristic is set apart to be available in every one of the ages. (d) Multiple ages are naturally influenced, Practically, strategically, dimple in the cheek are a portion of the normal qualities of this sort. EXERCISE 11 Autocross Recessive attribute: These are the characteristics whose freak allele is passive to its wild kind allele. The family outline can be pretty much of the example given underneath (Fig. 11. 3), where the woman (set apart by the bolt) is demonstrating the characteristic. The bar in the model speaks to the nearness of comparing prevailing or latent allele for the particular characteristic. Assume the given characteristic is albinism. Indicate its predominant allele as A that produces shades, and the passive allele as a that tails to amalgamation the color, melanin. The female (our subject in age Ill) is in this way tot genotype AAA. She more likely than not got every one of her an allele from both the guardians (age II), who are in this way themselves typical yet are unquestionably of genotype AAA, and are transporters of the attribute. The allele an unquestionable requirement additionally have been available in her fabulous guardians as well, obviously in heterozygous condition likewise to make them bearers (age I) Albinism in the subjects youngsters (age IV) proposes her significant other also to be of genotype AAA, a transporter. Marriage of her pale skinned person little girl to a pale skinned person man will undoubtedly create all her fantastic youngsters pale skinned person (quality V). Coming up next are the striking highlights of the legacy of such kind of attributes. An) Occur in equivalent extents in various male and female kin, whose guardians are ordinary yet transporters; (b) The kin are homozygous for the inadequate allele, yet their folks, however some may seem typical, are clearly heterozygous, I . E. , are just transporters of the quality. C) Consanguinity (marriage among man and lady hereditarily identified with one another, for example, cousins) once in a while brings about the presence of such characteristics. X-Linked Dominant attributes: These are the characteristics whose encoding quality is available on the X-chromosome, and the freak allele of which is prevailing over its wild-type allele. Such attributes are exceptionally uncommon, and are practically hard to track down in the populace. One model is oral-facial-computerized condition (Dutchmen Muscular Dystrophy), which brings about nonattendance of teeth, split (offer) tongue related with mental hindrance. The family outline may show up as follows (Fig. 1 4): The potential genotypes of the above family can be composed as follows (Fig. 1. 5 Genotypes Of people appeared in Pig. II . 4 Here, the prevailing freak allele is indicated by D, and its passive wild sort allele is signified by Remember that human females have two X-chromosomes (XX), and the guys have just a single X and one Y chromosome. .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .postImageUrl , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:hover , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:visited , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:active { border:0!important; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:active , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub48c52 7e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Teaching Philosophy StatementMales get their solitary X-chromosome from their mom, and the Y-chromosomes from their dad, while females gets one tot her X-chromosome run her mom, and the other X from her dad. The attributes of such legacy are: a) The characteristic shows up in practically all the ages, and the legacy is vertical. (b) If the female is influenced, at that point about portion of her children are influenced. (c) If the male is influenced then the entirety of his girls would be influenced, yet none of his children are influenced (d) to put it plainly, the family looks like the example of legacy of autocross do minants, then again, actually there is no male-to-male transmission. . X-Inked Recessive attributes: These are the qualities Whose encoding quality is available on the X-chromosome and its freak allele is passive to its wild-type allele. Red-green partial blindness and hemophilia, are a portion Of its notable models. The trademark highlights of such legacy are: (a) Females express the characteristic just when they are homozygous for the freak allele, while the guys do so in any event, when they are homozygous for it. The family graph would show up as the accompanying one (Fig. 11. ): (b) About stop of the children of the transporter (heterozygous for the characteristic) females are influenced. If there should arise an occurrence of homozygous females demonstrating the characteristic, 50% of her girls and all tot her children are probably going to be influenced. Along these lines, the guys are generally influenced in the populace. (c) Affected people are identified with each other th rough the maternal side of their d) Any proof of male-to-male transmission of the attribute precludes the X-connected legacy. Y-chromosome connected qualities: These are the attributes whose quality is available on the Y-chromosome. The females don't have any Y-chromosome, though all the guys must have a Y-chromosome to be a male, and this Y-chromosome they get from their dad. In this way, any quality connected to the Y-chromosome must be available just in guys, and unquestionably not in any Of the females. This is Why these characteristics are additionally called male-sex restricted qualities. All the children of the influenced male would communicate he characteristic while none Of his girls would do as such. The example of the family graph would be as per the following (Fig 11. ): Hypertrophies of the ear (nearness of hairs on piano) is one most regular case of such characteristics. Note: Students might be approached to set up the family outline from given information and examinations the example of legacy. The work might be done as a venture. Questions 1. In what capacity will you separate between result connected prevailing and sex chromosome connected predominant family outline? Clarify. 2. Examine the dist inctions in the examples of result connected passive and chromosome connected family.

Research Paper Writing Services - Can They Really Bring Success to Your Project?

Research Paper Writing Services - Can They Really Bring Success to Your Project?If you want to improve your writing, then you should hire research paper writing services in USA. It can greatly enhance your writing.It has various purposes and can be completed in different form. The reason why you need it is to produce quality, timely, persuasive and meaningful writing for your academic paper, dissertation, term paper, research report, term paper and several other academic writing projects.You can hire it either for the thesis of your research paper, or for some other academic work. To produce your output with a high quality, you have to prepare it well. However, the most important thing to do is to learn about research paper writing services in USA.These services can only provide you with high quality, timely and persuasive writing. In fact, they can help you a lot to save time, energy and money. These professional writers work closely with your academic project to write and edit your documents. It can also be easily accessed online, which means that you can get your document through an online service provider without wasting much time or money.The result can also be different from the one you expect to use this kind of service. Therefore, make sure that you know how and what will be done with your document. This can only be possible if you read more about research paper writing services in USA.Now, you are trying to look for the best research paper writing service providers in USA. You can go to research sites like Yahoo, Google and MSN. All these search engines can provide you with numerous results about these service providers. Go through their details and see the testimonials of their clients.Before you start using their services, you should find out more about the prices of their research paper writing services in USA. You can compare their rates to the others and see whether it suits your budget. However, you must be very careful when choosing for the best service provider. You must choose it in a right way so that you get a quality, timely and persuasive writing from them.Another important factor is to choose the provider who can provide you with high quality, timely and persuasive writing. Find the best research paper writing service provider in USA and start writing for your paper today.

Media Influence on Human Beings - 1215 Words

Media Influence on Human Beings Every minute and every hour, the world we know revolves around the Internet. Relying on the Internet for every important aspect of life. People depend on the Internet for research, bills, communication, and most importantly reading. Through experience, the Internet helps ease many obstacles but it also aids in generating greater complications. Nicolas Carr, author of is Google Making Us Stupid? Argued the negative effects of using the Internet (Carr). Carr explained that blinking advertisements and hyperlinks are just of the few never ending distractions that flood the Internet. Thus, converting a simple task into a grueling mission. I also noticed that the more I use the Internet, the greater the distraction becomes. Webpages seem to recognize what the user is trying to research and generates pop-ups in accordance to the initial point of interest. Hence, filled with unnecessary advertisements, videos, and hyperlinks. Slate.com article Is Google Wrecki ng Our Memory, without a doubt contributes negative effects towards reading (Thompson). Using websites such as Slate.com, creates distractions, breaks concentration, and forms inefficient reading and thinking patters. People soon find themselves swiftly clicking away. Bringing all sort of unusable information to their attention. So much distraction, so much temptation, and yet, manage wander away. Ultimately, Internet users end up skimming, and worse skipping the important reading, whileShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Influence On Human Beings861 Words   |  4 PagesInformation media is a crucial part of the contemporary influence on human beings lives daily. We as people depend on upon the diverse forms of media to present the statistics that we crave in the latest society. The news media has become creative in shooting its audience s interest by directly affecting your mood, and your temper can then exchange many factors of one s questioning and behavior. If the information program creates a terrible feeling, experiences could include worry and strain-associatedRead MoreHow Far Do The Media Influence Your Own Sense Of Personal Identity And Self Definition?1306 Words   |  6 PagesHow far do the media influence our opinions and contribute to our own sense of personal identity and self-definition? Introduction Everyday our minds get filled with new information, images and sounds. Enormous amounts of information streams give us certain idea of the world we live in. Of course media consumption is personal and sometimes very selective for each individual. Even though we cannot build a wall between us and information that is spreading all over the world. What is really interestingRead MoreMedia Effect On Public Opinion Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesMedia has been able to control and influence opinions of the public through news stories within the last 80 years through the development of framing. Framing is when a story or piece of news is portrayed in a certain way that is meant to control the audience’s opinion and attitude, to agree one way or the other that the media wants them to. The technique of framing can be seen as a controlling technique of journalism writing to sway or trick the audience to base their own opinion on what is beingRead MoreEffect of Technology on Humanity795 Words   |  4 Pagesquality or condition of being human, human nature. Human nature is the concept that there is a set of inherent distinguishing characteristics, including ways of thinking, feeling and acting, which all humans tend to have. In an age where technology surrounds and influences humanity one must consider whether technology is changing how we think, feel and act. Is technology influencing humanity or is humanity influencing technology? The questions of what ultimately influences human behavior and how theRead MoreLearning Reflection And Impact Of Literature1585 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature provides opportunities for one to carry out these experiments in human existences without having to play different roles in his daily life. Literature, through its honest rendering of diverse characters, helps us understand other people, their motivations, their loves and fears and other such things that comprise the human experience. For this reason, literature is a tool for expanding our understanding and reveals what is human in all of us, despite of our differences. 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In 2004, the media had a much greater influence over American citizens because of the historical context of the time. Alex Proyas’ film I, Robot had taken advantage of the fact that people had become so easily influencedRead MoreEssay on Media Manipulation569 Words   |  3 Pages The media and advertising hinder do indeed hinder our being fully human. Mass media including radio, television and newspapers endeavors to shape public opinion on a variety of things. The media attempts to manipulate those values instilled by parents and society in general, thus taking away from our being human. 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Everyone has a different reality and a way that they perceive things but other factors like the media influence and persuade us. The media has the power through the radio, television, or other technologies to tell us things that might not even be true but we have to believe them because we don’t know what is true. The media even hides the truth in the news, has the ability to persuade us to believe something, and influences human existence.

The Death Of The Cemetery Workers Strike - 1747 Words

Another example of there being correlations between death and religion, and even a foreshadowing of future death, is when Mr. Lisbon is discussing the cemetery workers strike. He laments cremation as being a heathen practice, and against the idea of reincarnation. Mary would later attempt suicide by sticking her head in the oven. Whilst it wasn’t an attempt at full cremation, it was still an attack on the father’s religious beliefs. Mary was attempting to make her last action be her rebellion against organized religion. The parents, though the mother, in particular, also use religion as an excuse to legitimize the isolation of the daughters. The imprisonment is not restricted to within the home, but is actually a restriction on their†¦show more content†¦Interestingly, there are studies that have proven some sort of correlation between the spiritual needs of a person and mental illness. Cortes says that â€Å"in some cases of mental illness, the spiritual needs of human nature will be directly frustrated or repressed and the spiritual aspect of those illnesses will be very prominent.† (319) Mrs. Lisbon’s isolation of her daughters due to her religious beliefs contributed to exacerbating the already tenuous situation. It’s extremely possible that Eugenides was drawing on research done by others, which had linked suicide with religion. The first major thinker to draw a correlation, and possible causation, between the two was Emile Durkheim. Durkheim, however, posited that having some sort of religious affiliation actually decreased suicidal thoughts due to the fact that it â€Å"enhances social integration normalizes submission or adherence to regulation.† (Pescosolido and Georgianna) The Virgin Suicides seems markedly different because instead of enhancing social integration, it instead diminished social interaction, by confining the Lisbon girls to the home. Perhaps, Durkheim would agree that in such a case religion would actually serve as a facilitating measure to suicide. When the institutions that are supposed to foster a comforting and open environment are instead stifling someone, it’s easy to see how suicide can be seen as the only option. At the same time, however, ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s not just the Lisbon

“The Art Of Communication Is The Language Of Leadership”

â€Å"The art of communication is the language of leadership† James Humes In a project setting, the project manager is the center of communication from almost every aspect of the project. The project manager has the most information about the project, know what needs to be done, and is contact with the contractors, team members and stakeholders on a regular basis. Communication from the leadership level is so important because it sets tone for the entire project. â€Å"Communication by project managers needs to be timely, honest, and unambiguous. The project manager should create an atmosphere that fosters timely and open communication without fear of reprisal and must be open to differing viewpoints†. (Gido, Jack, p. 345) This topic isn’t thought†¦show more content†¦. Cleland and Ireland, two specialists in project management, have one of the more expansive definitions by observing that communication is a process where individuals exchange information through signs, symbols, or behavior (2002, p. 483). â€Å"Project managers and professionals often fail to recognize that communication on a project takes many forms: verbal in-group and individual exchanges of information, and documentation such as design drawings, reports, contracts, work orders, and the like† (Cleland and Ireland, 2002, p. 482). They also point out the significance of informal communication and nonverbal communication. Another expert has a similar model in which he divides communication types into four methods: formal written, informal written, formal verbal, and informal verbal ( Burford (2013) p. 208). 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Law Substantial Impact

Question: How law has a substantial impact on the manner? Explain. Answer: In the contemporary Australian corporate setting, the case of Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) v Healey Ors [2011] FCA 717 is arguably fundamental so far as the responsibilities and duties of directors of a company are concerned (Mohd-Sulaiman, 2013; Bonner, Hunt, and Watson-Dunne, 2014). Bonner et al. (2014) explicate that the decision in this case law has a substantial impact on the manner in which the statutorily defined duties and responsibilities of company directors are understood in the Australian context. According to Clarke and Dean (2014) the backdrop of this monumental corporate case law can be traced as back as October 2009 when the ASIC ("the Commission") initiated court proceeding against the entire board of Centro, both the executive and non-executive, for violating its duty in failing to notice a considerable error in the company's financial statements. Furthermore, the error in question also went uncorrected by both the internal and external a uditors of the company. Specifically, the Commission instituted legal proceeding against the whole Centro board of directors over the financial errors that were evident in the Group's 2007 financial statements (Solaiman, 2013). Solaiman (2013) elucidates that the financial error in question involved Centro improperly categorizing about Au$2 billion as short-term debt as opposed to long-term debt and further, failed to disclose particular guarantees appropriately as post-balance date events. In a nutshell, this multi-billion error was mainly as a result of a misinterpretation of a significant accounting standard provided for the presentation of short-term debt. Consequently, Centro's repayment obligations were considerably understated. Subsequently, the board of directors argued in their defense that they could not be faulted on the aforementioned financial error because they had relied on the information and advice presented to them by the organization's management as well as the auditors (Morgan and McLennan 2011; Nariman Mohd-Sulaiman 2013; Bonner et al. 2014). Thus, it was the position of the board of directors that since they had formulated and implemented all the reasonable measures that mitigate the possibility of accounting errors arising in the company, they had fulfilled their statutory obligation towards the company so far as the preparation and presentation of the financial statements were concerned. Nariman Mohd-Sulaiman (2013) adds that the directors also argued in their defense that the placing of the expectation that directors need to establish errors in the company's financial statements would impose on them an impossibly high burden. In his decision, Middleton J established that the entire board o f directors had acted negligently, thereby failing to take the degree of diligence and care that the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) ("the Act") requires of them (O'Leary, Boolaky and Copp 2013). Thus, the Court made a determination to the effect that the directors were negligent in the exercise of their powers and duties. Statutory Breaches in the Case In this case, the fundamental question that Commission brought to the attention of the Court for determination was whether the directors of large publicly listed companies are required to individually review the proposed financial statements and ensure that they are reasonably accurate before making the appropriate decisions, including their approval as proposed (Morgan and McLennan 2011). It is important to note that in this case, Commission's contention was that Centro's directors had breached various provisions of the Act when they unilaterally approved the consolidated 2007 financial statements of the Centro Group of Companies: Centro Retail Trust (CRT), Centro Property Trust (CPT), and Centro Properties Limited (CPL) (Lowry 2012 Hill 2012). According to the Commission, this conduct by Centro's board of directors amounted to a breach of several provisions of the Act. The Commission alleged that as a result of the directors' failure to take all the reasonable measures to ensure th at Centro entities complied with certain reporting obligations provided under ss. 295A, 296, 297 and 298 of the Act, they had manifestly violated s. 344(1) of the Act and consequently, liable for the appropriate penalties provided in the Act (Jacobson 2011). Furthermore, by the same conduct by the directors, Commission also claimed that the directors had breached ss. 180(1) as well as 601FD (3) of the Act. In brief, the Commission's position was that the conduct of the directors was explicitly in contravention of the aforementioned provisions of the Act. Essentially, the Commission argued that s.295A of the Act expressly provides that the declarations made by a company's directors concerning their organization's financial statements as stipulated under s.295 of the Act must always be informed by the declarations made by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) or Chief Executive Officer in the form prescribed in the statute. However, Centro's directors did not adhere to this requirement of the law when they approved the 2007 Centro Group's consolidated financial statements. Moreover, s.296 requires that it is mandatory that all the financial reports must comply with the fundamental accounting standards that are in place, which incidentally includes the proper grouping of short-term and long-term debts. Nevertheless, in Centro's 2007 financial reporting, the company's financial statements mani festly flouted the fundamental accounting standard of categorizing the company's short-term and long-term debts. Thus, the Company breached s.296 of the Act and hence, making the directors liable for the contravention. Furthermore, the Commission invited the Court to take judicial notice that s.297 of the Act stipulates that the financial statements, as well as the accompanying notes generated by companies, need to provide a true and fair view concerning the entity's financial position and performance. In contrast, the error arising from the Centro's 2007 consolidated financial statement failed to meet this statutory threshold by offering a false and unfair view of the Group's financial position and performance. In fact, the consolidated financial statements provided a significantly understated repayment obligation on the part of the Centro Group of Companies. Further, the Commission urged the Court to take cognizance of s.298 of the Act which stipulates that it was mandatory for the directors to include certain information in their annual reports. However, Centro's directors failed to provide some of the specified information on their 2007 consolidated financial reports, thereby liable for penalti es as provided in the Act. Notwithstanding the preceding claims, the Commission also relied on Section 180(1) as well as Section 601FD (1)(b) of the Act to argue its case against the directors. The said Sections require a company's director and officer to exercise their powers and execute their duties with due consideration to some degree of diligence and care that a reasonable person would take if they were an officer or director of the company is such circumstances. The Analysis of the Court's Decision As mentioned earlier, the Court established that the directors had acted in a negligent manner when approving the 2007 consolidated financial statements and as a result, among other provisions, breached Sections 344 (1), 180(1), and 601FD(3) of the Act. The implication of the ratio decidendi manifested in this corporate case law is that despite the directors of a company acting in good faith and putting in place the appropriate accounting measures, it is incumbent upon them to always ensure that the company's financial statements are reasonably accurate. Therefore, on the premise of the rationale provided in this case law, it means that directors in Australia, including other jurisdictions, are liable for any error of omission or commission that arises from their reliance on expert advice even when there is sufficient evidence that demonstrates the reliance was done in good faith (Morgan and McLennan 2011; Nariman Mohd-Sulaiman 2013). Mohd-Sulaiman (2013) and Smith (2014) opine that the decision, in this case, acts as an important reminder to directors of companies that regardless as to whether they are executive or otherwise, they have to play an active role in the management of the affairs of the company, especially those that are fundamentally important to the enterprise, such as the financial statements. Incidentally, although many may argue that this case law establishes a new law regarding the duties and responsibilities of directors other than those contemplated under the Act, Walmsley and Puri (2011) contends otherwise. Walmsley and Puri (2011) assert that ratio decidendi of the Court's decision does not support the proposition the directors of a company are barred from relying on the opinion provided to them by experts. Instead, the rationale stands for the proposition that directors have an obligation to question such views in the context that it is questionable. In other words, this case promotes the legal concept that the directors of a company cannot be permitted to abrogate their statutory responsibility of being aware of particular activities of the company when executing their fundamental functions, for example, the making of declarations concerning the preparation of financial statements as provided under Section 295(4)(d) of the Act. In conclusion, this case law places upon the directors of companies the obligation to exercise reasonable care and diligence when seeking and taking into consideration the opinion that they receive from experts concerning the various crucial aspects of the company. Accordingly, before making a significant decision or declarations, directors are strongly advised to first subject expert opinion to adequate scrutiny before sanctioning the proposals contained in the particular opinion. Reference Bonner, G., Hunt, S. and Watson-Dunne, N., 2014. Interim Report into the Financial System Implications for boards. Governance Directions, 66(9), p.555. Clarke, F. and Dean, G., 2014. Corporate Collapse: Regulatory, Accounting and Ethical Failure. In Accounting and Regulation (pp. 9-29). New York,NY: Springer New York. Hill, J.G., 2012. Centro and the Monitoring BoardLegal Duties Versus Aspirational Ideals in Corporate Governance. University of New South Wales Law Journal, 35(1), pp.341-359. Jacobson, D. (2011). Centro (ASIC v Healey) case note: directors' duties for financial statements - Australian financial services law and credit law from Bright Law. [online] Australian financial services law and credit law from Bright Law. Available at: https://www.brightlaw.com.au/corporate-governance/centro-asic-v-healey-case-note-directors-duties-for-financial-statements/ [Accessed 23 May 2016]. Lowry, J., 2012. The Irreducible Core of the Duty of Care, Skill and Diligence of Company Directors: Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Healey. The Modern Law Review, 75(2), pp.249-260. Mohd-Sulaiman, A.N., 2013. Financial reporting failures, board's competency and effectiveness. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 10(2), pp.155-174. Morgan, J. and McLennan, M., 2011. Demanding duties: approving financial statements after Centro. Law Society Journal: the official journal of the Law Society of New South Wales, 49(9), p.56. Nariman Mohd-Sulaiman, A., 2013. But we had obtained professional/legal advice! The disclosure conundrum and directors' dilemma. Journal of Financial Crime, 20(3), pp.312-323. O'Leary, C., Boolaky, P. and Copp, R., 2013. The Negative Impact of Additional Legislation on Corporate Stewardship. Australian Accounting Review, 23(4), pp.357-368. Smith, K.J., 2014. Board Capital and Firm Growth-options: A study of their impact on Auditors' and Investors' assessments of board effectiveness, firm performance and risk (Doctoral dissertation, Griffith University). Solaiman, S.M., 2013. The landmark James Hardie Case in Australia: a wakeup call for non-executive directors. Walmsley, S. and Puri, R. (2011). The Centro decision - ASIC v Healey Ors [2011] FCA 717. [online] Jws.com.au. Available at: https://www.jws.com.au/en/legal-updates-archive/item/198-the-centro-decision-asic-v-healey-ors-2011-fca-717 [Accessed 23 May 2016].